Whisk the dry ingredients together. In a medium-sized bowl, whisk together the flour, ground ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, baking soda, baking powder, and salt until combined. Set the bowl aside.
Whisk together the butter, brown sugar, and molasses. Add the melted butter and dark brown sugar to a large mixing bowl or stand mixer with a whisk attachment. On medium speed, beat together for 1-2 minutes until smooth. Add the molasses and continue to beat until combined.
Add the egg and vanilla extract. Add the egg and vanilla extract to the bowl and whisk until combined.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients. Pour the dry ingredients into the bowl, and mix on medium speed until a dough forms. Scrape down the sides and bottom of the bowl if needed, folding in any remaining flour.
Chill the dough. The dough will be thick and sticky. Cover the bowl with foil and transfer the dough to the refrigerator to chill for at least 2 hours (overnight is best) or up to 24 hours before baking.
Scoop and roll the cookie dough. Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper and set them aside. Remove the cookie dough from the refrigerator. If the dough chills over 4 hours and is stiff, let the dough come to room temperature for 15 minutes, then proceed to bake. Pour the granulated sugar and powdered sugar into two small bowls. Scoop the dough into tablespoon-sized balls (35 grams each weighed on a food scale). Roll each ball of dough into a uniform shape, then gently roll in the granulated sugar to coat followed by the powdered sugar. Make sure to generously coat the balls of dough in the powdered sugar until no visible parts of the dough can be seen. Bake. Place 6 cookie dough balls on a baking sheet spacing 2 inches apart and bake for 12 minutes. Do not overbake.
Transfer to cool. Remove the cookies from the oven and let them rest on the baking sheet for 1 minute. Carefully transfer each cookie to a wire rack to cool. Serve once they have reached room temperature.